英语介绍 世界历史/中国历史

英语介绍 世界历史/中国历史
英语介绍 世界历史/中国历史

英语介绍 世界历史/中国历史
History of China
The recorded history of China began in the 15th century BC when the Shang Dynasty started to use markings that evolved into the present Chinese characters.Turtle shells with markings reminiscent of ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty have been carbon dated to as early as 1500 BC.[1] Chinese civilization originated with city-states in the Yellow River (Huang He) valley.221 BC is commonly accepted to be the year in which China became unified under a large kingdom or empire.In that year,Qin Shi Huang first united China.Successive dynasties in Chinese history developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the Emperor of China to control increasingly larger territory that reached maximum under the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and Manchurian Qing Dynasty.
The conventional view of Chinese history is that of a country alternating between periods of political unity and disunity and occasionally becoming dominated by foreign peoples,most of whom were assimilated into the Han Chinese population.Cultural and political influences from many parts of Asia,carried by successive waves of immigration,expansion,and assimilation,merged to create the Chinese culture.
Ancient history is the study of the written past from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages[1] in Europe,the Qin Dynasty in China,the Chola Empire in India,and some less defined point in the rest of the world (for example,in the Americas).(The period following antiquity is the Imperial era in China and the period of the Middle Kingdoms in India; one might consider the end of antiquity in the Americas to be the start of the colonization of the Americas.) The goal of the modern day critical ancient historian is objectivity.The term classical antiquity is often used to refer to ancient history since the beginning of recorded Greek history in about 776 BC (First Olympiad).This coincides,roughly,with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC,the beginning of the history of ancient Rome.
Although the ending date of ancient history is disputed,currently most Western scholars use the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476,the death of the emperor Justinian I or the coming of Islam in 632 as the end of ancient European history.The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 – 5,500 years,with Sumerian cuneiform being the oldest form of writing discovered so far.This is the beginning of history by the definition used by most historians.