翻译成英文,最重要的语法. 急需债券 债券是政府、金融机构、工商企业等直接向社会借债筹措资金时,向投资者发行,承诺按一定利率支付利息并按约定条件偿还本金的债权债务凭证.债券的

翻译成英文,最重要的语法. 急需债券 债券是政府、金融机构、工商企业等直接向社会借债筹措资金时,向投资者发行,承诺按一定利率支付利息并按约定条件偿还本金的债权债务凭证.债券的
翻译成英文,最重要的语法. 急需
债券
债券是政府、金融机构、工商企业等直接向社会借债筹措资金时,向投资者发行,承诺按一定利率支付利息并按约定条件偿还本金的债权债务凭证.债券的本质是债的证明书.债券购买者与发行者之间是一种债权债务关系,债券发行人即债务人,投资者（债券持有人）即债权人.债券是一种有价证券.由于债券的利息通常是事先确定的,所以债券是固定利息证券（定息证券）的一种.在金融市场发达的国家和地区,债券可以上市流通.由此,债券包含了以下四层含义： 1．债券的发行人（政府、金融机构、企业等机构）是资金的借入者； 2．购买债券的投资者是资金的借出者； 3．发行人（借入者）需要在一定时期还本付息； 4．债券是债的证明书,具有法律效力.债券购买者与发行者之间是一种债权债务关系,债券发行人即债务人,投资者（或债券持有人）即债权人.债券作为一种债权债务凭证,与其他有价证券一样,也是一种虚拟资本,而非真实资本,它是经济运行中实际运用的真实资本的证书. 债券作为一种重要的融资手段和金融工具具有如下特征：（1）偿还性.债券一般都规定有偿还期限,发行人必须按 约定条件偿还本金并支付利息.（2）流通性.债券一般都可以在流通市场上自由转让. （3）安全性.与股票相比,债券通常规定有固定的利率.与企业绩效没有直接联系,收益比较稳定,风险较小.此外,在企业破产时,债券持有者享有优先于股票持有者对企业剩余资产的索取权.（4）收益性.债券的收益性主要表现在两个方面,一是投资债券可以给投资者定期或不定期地带来利息收入：二是投资者可以利用债券价格的变动,买卖债券赚取差额.债券的种类：按发行主体划分,债券可以分为：政府债券、金融债券、公司（企业）债券；按是否有财产担保,债券可以分为抵押债券和信用债券.债券按其形态可分为实物债券、凭证式债券、记账式债券.按债券是否能转换为公司股票,债券可以分为可转换债券和不可转换债券.按付息的方式划分可分为：零息债券、定息债券、浮息债券.按是否能够提前偿还,债券可以分为可赎回债券和不可赎回债券.按计息方式分类：单利债券、复利债券、累进利率债券.因此,常见的债券有：政府债券,主办债券,市政债券和零息债券.
政府债券
政府债券(Government Bonds)的发行主体是政府.它是指政府财政部门或其他代理机构为筹集资金,以政府名义发行的债券,主要包括国库券和公债两大类.一般国库券是由财政部发行,用以弥补财政收支不平衡；公债是指为筹集建设资金而发行的一种债券.有时也将两者统称为公债.政府债券的性质主要从两个方面考察：第一,从形式上看,政府债券也是一种有价证券,它具有债券的一般性质.政府债券本身有面额,投资者投资于政府债券可以取得利息,因此,政府债券具备了债券的一般特征.第二,从功能上看,政府债券最初仅是政府弥补赤字的手段,但在现代商品经济条件下,政府债券已成为政府筹集资金、扩大公共开支的重要手段,并且随着金融市场的发展,逐渐具备了金融商品和信用工具的职能,成为国家实施宏观经济政策、进行宏观调控的工具.政府债券的特征是：1、安全性高.2、流通性强.3、收益稳定.4、免税待遇.地方政府债券（Local Treasury Bonds） ,指某一国家中有财政收入地方政府地方公共机构发行的债券.地方政府债券一般用于交通、通讯、住宅、教育、医院和污水处理系统等地方性公共设施的建设.地方政府债券一般也是以当地政府的税收能力作为还本付息的担保.

翻译成英文,最重要的语法. 急需债券 债券是政府、金融机构、工商企业等直接向社会借债筹措资金时,向投资者发行,承诺按一定利率支付利息并按约定条件偿还本金的债权债务凭证.债券的
bonds
Bonds is government, financial institutions, industrial and commercial enterprises, directly to the society, to raise funds debt issuance, promised investors at certain interest rate according to the agreed terms pay interest and the creditor's rights and debts repaid vouchers. Bonds is the essence of debt certificate. Bonds between buyers and writers is a kind of relationship of creditor's rights debt, issuers namely the debtor, investors (bond holders) namely creditors. Bonds is a kind of securities. The interest is usually due to bonds determined beforehand, so bonds are fixed interest securities (a fixed-income securities). In the financial markets of developed countries and regions, bonds may be listed circulation. Thus, bonds contains the following four meanings: 1. Bond issuer (government, financial institutions, enterprise institution, etc) is funding the borrower; 2. The investors buy bonds are funds lending person; 3. The issuer (the borrower) need at certain periods servicing; 4. Bond is debt certificate, have legal effectiveness. Bonds between buyers and writers is a kind of relationship of creditor's rights debt, issuers namely the obligor, investors (or bond holders) namely creditors. Bonds as a creditor's rights debt obligation, and other securities are same, also be a kind of virtual capital, rather than real capital, it is economy operation of practical application of the real capital certificates. Bonds as an important means of financing and financial tools has the following features: (1) repay sex. Bonds are usually regulation have repaid deadline, the issuer must be repaid according to the agreed terms and pay interest. (2) liquidity. Bonds generally can be in circulation market free transfer. (3) security. Compared with stocks, bonds usually a fixed interest rate. Regulations No direct link with the enterprise performance, income is stable, less risky. In addition, in the enterprise bankruptcy, the holder of a bond holders enjoy priority in stock of enterprise surplus assets claims. (4) revenue. Bond's yield is mainly shown in two aspects: one is invest in bonds can give investors to bring regularly or irregularly interest income: two is investors can use bond price changes, trading bonds earn balance. Bonds sort: divided by issuing subject can be divided into: bond government bonds, financial bonds and company (enterprise) bonds; According to whether have secured with property, bonds may be divided into mortgage bonds and credit bonds. Bonds according to its shape can be classified into physical bonds, proof type bonds, JiZhangShi bonds. Whether by bonds will translate into company stocks, bonds can be divided into convertible bonds and not convert bonds. According to servicing way division can be divided into: zero coupon bonds, fixed rate bonds, floating rate bonds. According to whether can repay ahead, bonds can be divided into callable bonds and not redeem bonds. According to the plan breath way ChanLi bonds, compounding classification: bond, progressive rate bonds. Therefore, common bond has: the government bonds, host bonds, municipal bonds and zero coupon bonds.
Government bonds
Government Bonds (the Government issued subject is oxygen) Government. It refers to the financial department of the government or other agencies to raise money for government bonds issued, the name, including Treasury bills and bonds two kinds big. Issued by the ministry of finance is general Treasury bills, to compensate for fiscal imbalances; Bonds to raise money for the construction of a bond which is issued. Sometimes will both collectively referred to as bonds. Government bonds mainly from two respects inspect properties: first, viewed formally, government bonds is also a kind of securities, it has the general properties bond. Government bonds itself has the denomination, investors invest in government bonds, therefore, can achieve the interest of the government bonds have bonds general features. Second, look from the function, government bonds first is only government compensate for deficit means, but in modern commodity economy condition, government bonds to raise money, has become a government expanded the important means of public spending, and along with the development of financial market, gradually have financial goods and credit tools function, and become a national macroeconomic policy, implement macroscopical adjusting control tools. Government bonds are: 1, the characteristics of high safety. 2, liquidity is strong. 3, income is stable. 4, duty-free treatment. Local government Bonds (Local Treasury oxygen), refers to a country of Local government revenue Bonds issued by Local public institutions. Local government bonds generally used for traffic, communication, housing, education, hospitals and sewage treatment system construction of local public facilities such as. Local government bonds in the local government is the general tax ability as servicing guarantees.
Input content has reached length limitation
Still can input 1-9999 word
Insert the pictures to delete picture insert map video video map delete map insert
【谢谢采纳】