英语翻译Hazard identification was redefined by CRAM to be the “determination of whether a particular hazardous agent is associated with health or ecological effects of sufficient importance to warrant further scientific study or immediate manag

英语翻译Hazard identification was redefined by CRAM to be the “determination of whether a particular hazardous agent is associated with health or ecological effects of sufficient importance to warrant further scientific study or immediate manag
英语翻译
Hazard identification was redefined by CRAM to be the “determination of whether a particular hazardous agent is associated with health or ecological effects of sufficient importance to warrant further scientific study or immediate management action”.The NAS dose-response relationship was redefined as “the determination of the relationship between the magnitude of exposure and the probability of occurrence of the effect in question” and renamed Exposure Response Assessment.The responses include both direct effects of exposure and the much broader indirect effects,such as secondary poisoning of predators,and the effects of harvesting on fish community structure.The revised framework is summarized in Figure 6.6 and has been criticized.
The US EPA published a Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment,which is similar to CRAM.It describes Ecological Risk Assessment as process for evaluating the likelihood that adverse ecological effects have occurred,are occurring,or will occur as a result of exposure to one or more stressors.
Implicit in the definition is that i) environmental stressors have the inherent ability to cause one or more adverse effects,and ii) the stressor co-occurs with or contacts an ecological component long enough and at a sufficient intensity to elicit the identified adverse effects.
The framework is composed of three phases.
The first phase is defined as Problem Formulation,a planning and scoping process that links the regulatory or management goal to the risk assessment.The end product is a conceptual model that identifies the environmental values to be protected,the data needed and the analysis to be used.
The second phase is Analysis,which consists of the technical evaluation of the data on the potential effects and exposure of the stressor.This is essentially the characterization of exposure and the characterization of effects.
The third phase is Risk Characterization which integrates exposure and ecological effects information to evaluate the likelihood of adverse ecological effects associated with exposure to a stressor.It will include a summary of any assumptions used,and uncertainties involved in the analysis.

英语翻译Hazard identification was redefined by CRAM to be the “determination of whether a particular hazardous agent is associated with health or ecological effects of sufficient importance to warrant further scientific study or immediate manag
冒确认的危险是重新定义被塞满是 " 决心是否一个特别的危险代理人与健康有关或者生态学充份重要性对正当理由产生更远的科学学习或立即的管理行动 ".NAS 剂量-回应的关系是重新定义当做 " 暴露的大小和决心之间的关系的疑问的效果的发生的可能性 " 并且重新命名暴露回应评估.反应包括暴露的直接效果两者和非常宽广人间接的效果,像是中级的掠夺者的中毒,和那效果收割在鱼之上社区结构.那校订了结构是在图 6.6 概述和有是批评.
美国环保署出版了的架构生态学的危险评估,类似塞满.它描述生态学的危险评估当做评估的程序可能性不利的生态学的效果有发生,正在发生,或意志暴露的结果发生至一或更多紧张性刺激.
暗示的在定义中是那一 i) 环境的紧张性刺激有固有的能力到因素一或者较多的不利效果,和 ii) 紧张性刺激共发生与或者连络一生态学的成份长的足够和在一种充份的强烈引出那识别不利的效果.
结构是镇静的三时期.
那第一状态是定义当做问题形成,一个计划和 scoping 程序联编那管制的或管理目标到那危险评估.那结束产品是一概念上的模型监定那环境的价值是保护,数据需要的和要用的分析.
第二阶段是分析,在潜能上有数据的技术上评估效果和紧张性刺激的暴露.这本质上是暴露的描述和效果的描述.
那第三阶段是危险整合暴露的描述和生态学的效果数据评估不利生态学的可能性效果以对一个紧张性刺激的暴露联合.它意志包括一个任何假定的摘要二手的,和不确定有关的在分析.