what to do 和how to do it 的语法要点

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what to do 和how to do it 的语法要点
what to do 和how to do it 的语法要点

what to do 和how to do it 的语法要点
“疑问词+不定式动词”其主要功用有下列五种：
⑴当主语,如：
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
● Where to live is a problem.
● How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.
⑵当宾语,如：
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
● He could not tell whom to trust.
● Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当补足语,如：
● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
● The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语,如：
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸当宾语补足语,如：
● Jim is not sure whose to choose.
● Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.
适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：“know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,remember,think,wonder,understand”等.
有点值得特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时,它的作用等于名词分句,例如：
● I could not decide which dictonary to buy./ I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.
● Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.
有些动词,如“ask,show,tell,advise,inform,teach”等,可以先有个宾语,然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构.例如：
● The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.
● Have you told him where to get the application form?

What to do 是做什么的意思，How to do it 是怎么做。前一句问的是do的对象，是问宾语，后一句问的是做的方法，特指一件事"it".

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1、what to do补充成完整表达就是have what to do（有什么事情要做，what可以等效替换成sth），其中的what类似于汉语中的“兼语”（what作have的宾语，同时兼作do的宾语），严格地说此处的to do应该为to be done，但由于英语中“将错就错”和“以讹传讹”的缘故，大家图简单都习惯了用“主动”形式来表示“被动”。
汉语语法上的“兼语”是指某个名词或类似于名词的词类既作前一个动词的“宾语”，又作后一个动词的“主语”（比如说，“叫某人吃饭”中的“某人”就是兼语，它既做叫的宾语，又作吃的主语），英语中没有“兼语”这一提法，而是用“不定式”这一非谓语动词形式来解决“一个句子中（紧挨着）连续出现2个行为动词”的问题，由于英语中所有的“行为动词”都能作谓语，但一个句子只有一套“主谓”结构，于是乎，不定式中带的行为动词就视为“非谓语动词”了。不定式的核心功能就体现在这里。
2、how to do it补充成完整表达就是know how to do it（知道如何去做某事）。其中，do it是动宾结构，to do是不定式（用于连接2个连续的行为动词，并把后面的行为动词“非谓语化”，以保证一个句子只有一个谓语，how作to do的方式状语，how to do it一起作know的补语。
简言之，what to do强调动作的对象what，结构上what就是do的宾语，而how to do it强调动作的方式how，必须要有个it去作do的宾语，否则句子结构上不完整。

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I want to learn______ a.what to do with it b.how to do c.what to do it d.to do 写出原因用what和howI want to learn______ a.what to do with it b.how to do c.what to do it d.to do 写出原因用what和how分别怎么问 how to do和what to do的区别 l really don,t know _____ and _____.A.What to do,How to do B.what to do it ,how to do itC.what to do it ,How to do D.What wo do,how to do it how to do it和what to do it的区别how to do it，what to do 的区别 the teacher told us___and___A.What to do,how to do B.what do,how do it C.what to do,how to do it D.what to do it,how to do it WHAT TO DO=HOW TO DO we do not know______.a:how to do b:which to do c:what to do d:where to do how do you what to what to do 与how to do 的区别I don't know ____________.A.what to say or do B.what to say and to do C.how to say or do D.how to say and to do Nobody told us___A.what to do it B.how to do C.where to do D.when to do it Do you have an idea about________?A. what to do a survey B. how to do C. how to do a survey D. what to do it be adj what/how to do 句型be adj what/how to do 和 do what/how to do 一样么就是系表后不用带介词? People don't know_______A who are we B what you to do C how to do D what to do Signs tell people what to do and___A.how to do B.what not to do C.where to do D.when to do Have you decided _____the problem?A.what to do B.how to do with C.what to do with D.how to do I don't know_____next.I am really nervous.A.how to do B.how to do it C.what to do D.what to do it I's too late for school.I don't know___________A.what to do that B.how to do C.what to do D.How to do it I don't know___.A.what to do it B.what do C.have to do it D.how do